The period of transformation of the Polish printing sector began in 1989. The construction of a modern industry took place under restricted conditions of financing and companies barely overcame the barrier of capital. It was not until the years 2005-2009 when thanks to funds from the European
Union printing companies achieved a high level of technological development. Competitive advantage was built based on costs (mainly low wages) and steadily increasing quality. However, in 2012, in spite of the realised investments, productivity measured by sales per employee was smaller than in Polish industry as a whole. Managers of Polish printing companies focused too much on technology while neglecting organisational and marketing innovations. Studies carried out in the years 2012-2014 showed the impact of technological, organisational and marketing innovations on the effectiveness of printing companies. The obtained results clearly indicated that it is organisational and marketing innovations that have the greatest impact on the productivity of printing companies.
The effectiveness of innovations in the Polish printing industryi EiOP nr7 2016